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Climate
Indonesia's climate is tropical, extremely humid with temperatures around 28° Celsius on sea level. The inland and mountain areas average 26° Celsius, the higher mountain regions 23° Celsius. The warm waters making up more than 80 percent of Indonesia's area ensure that temperatures on land remain fairly constant.
Precipitation is mainly caused by monsoon winds, which bring heavy rain all over the year in the western part of the archipelago, while in the eastern region the southwest monsoon is quite dry. Relative humidity ranges between 70 and 90 percent.
There are no seasons in the European meaning in Indonesia. Just a dry and a rainy period are distinguished. The rainy season lasts about from November to April. During that time, it can rain continously for days, sometimes causing heavy floodings. The rest of the year is dry season, which does not mean, that there is no rain, however, only little.
Located on the equator, the archipelago experiences only little change in the length of daylight from one season to the other. The longest and the shortest day of the year differ only in 48 minutes. Indonesia stretches across three time zones:
- Western Indonesian Time: GMT + seven hours. Sumatra, Java and eastern Kalimantan.
- Central Indonesian Time: GMT + eight hours. Western Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara and Sulawesi
- Eastern Indonesian Time: GMT + nine hours. The Malukus and Irian Jaya.